Thursday, October 31, 2019

The History of the United States Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of the United States - Research Paper Example The civil war arose when the US people fought over power, land. (Burke 12). The Southerners felt threatened since they were thriving well in the slave trade. They feared the north might interfere with the growth of the trade which was booming at that time. It might be said with conviction that it is indeed slave trade that leads to the division of America into two, but there are other reasons. At that time, the Southerners whose daily lifestyle relied much on plantation farming and could, therefore, not do without slaves and the slave trade. They wished that it could grow and even spread in the west. In the contrary, the northerners who were politically and economically doing well posed a threat to the Southerners. So for the survival of the union of the American state, it was necessary that the slave trade was not tempered with, but left to grow (Burke 27). However, in 1860 when Abraham Lincoln became president, the union of American states came to a point where enough is enough. Wh en he publicly made his intentions clear to stop growth of the slave trade but not slavery, he compelled South Carolina followed by six other American southern states to withdraw from the union. This lead to the Civil war that lasted for four years after the seven states united and named Jefferson Davis there president. On15th of April 1861 due to break up of the states there followed a lot of fights and states of unrest battles with the first reported incidence being on July 21st 1861. At this point nothing, much could be done to stop the war anticipated. President Lincoln gave a decree that soldiers be reinforced around Fort Caswell and Fort Johnson but was all in vain due to luck of cooperation from some of the states like Missouri, North Carolina and Tennessee (Finney 33). There was some response to the president’s order from some companies from Pennsylvania who offered and provided soldiers on the 18th of April 1861. Between 18th and 19 of April soldiers managed a little to destroy points where weapons were kept in Virginia. At this juncture, President Lincoln pronounced the closer of states belonging to the Confederate. When the soldiers of the Union dared to pass through the Confederate states, Baltimore soldiers went on a rampage as a retaliate gesture. This made Lincoln add more closure by including Virginia and North Carolina in the list of sates closed. On the 20th of April 1861, there was an attempt by the Federal soldiers to Attack Virginia among other states. However, there was help by the Confederates who happened to save a lot of valuable staffs making the Federal soldiers retreat. On the seventh 25th of April the same year there was more reinforcement in Washington DC. On 29th, an election was held (Keifer 46). The governor was given the power to select commissioners by the Legislative body at Tennessee so the commissioners can be in accordance with the Confederacy. Voters who were supporting the re-evaluation of the conditions leading to the breakup of the United States Where joined hand in hand by The North Carolina legislative body. In May 17th North Carolina and Confederacy join hands. The voting was only restricted among the legislative body, and the citizens were not allowed to participate (Long 77). Conclusion A lot of activities was done at the legislative level most of which were being decided by the power of the ballot box. In the war, many civilian lost their lives; the national government became stronger

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Necessary evil Essay Example for Free

Necessary evil Essay The book Walden, by Henry David Thoreau, is a book he wrote about the two years and a half years he lived in Walden’s Pond. He went to the area to do some deep thinking and to try to figure out what he wanted from his life. He lived in the middle of a large patch of land. He took the bare necessities with him and using his hands and a few tools, built himself a small cabin. He loved to walk all over the place and watch the people. He was friendly with the people of the town but did not really socialize with them. One of the things he wrote a lot about in the book was how people became slaves to their desires. He existed on very little and back stocked nothing. He would gather food or do odd jobs and then do nothing until he needed food again. He thought that if people were much less materialistic, they would not need to work as hard to get what they thought would make them happy. He noted that most of tine people worked and worked to get material things and then had to work even harder to get more and it became a vicious circle. He thought a trade was closer to slavery because you never got out of the loop of working and gathering and working some more. He scoffed at the idea of slave owners being free because they worked harder than anyone to keep what they had. Thoreau believed that the simple life was the best and that anyone who wanted true happiness needed to take stock of their possessions and figure out what they really needed and what they just wanted instead. I agree with Thoreau that most people are much too materialistic and should slow down. We live in a world where technology is racing ahead faster than ever and whatever you buy is the old model as soon as you get it. It is easy to get caught up in the wanting of better things and I can see why he thought that we can become slaves to our own material wants rather in our actual needs. It is too easy to go along with fashion and trends in order to popular only to find out we are working more than we are doing anything just to keep getting these things. Thoreau believed that a lot of crime was related to some people being rich and others being poor. I am sure this has always been a part of why people turn to crime but I don’t agree that it is the main reason. There are plenty of honest poor people and even more dishonest rich people. Some poor steal to survive and they are not proud of it but it is a necessary evil. Some poor refuse to commit crimes regardless of the circumstances. There are rich people who will cheat and steal simply to amuse themselves. Some wealthy people commit crimes to further their wealth. I think it is the character of the person that decides whether or not they will lead a life of crime and not always their background. I do agree that we should slow down and enjoy life rather than race through it and that if you lead a good life then anything you have done was well worth the effort even if you never get rich.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Impact of the financial crisis globally and in Mauritius

Impact of the financial crisis globally and in Mauritius Like almost all economies worldwide, the Mauritian economy has not been spared form the effect of the global financial crisis and subsequently to the recent European crisis. The former is considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This was mainly due to the falling home prices in the United State which consequently spread to all other major economies and those which are dependent on the US economy. The Global Financial Crisis has led to the crisis of public debt in the Eurozone starting with Greece at the end of 2009. Due to the linkage of member countries in the Eurozone and the use of a single currency, the crisis faced by Greece started to spread to other member countries and this became known as the Eurozone crisis. It is obvious that although the measures that would be analyzed have had great effectiveness on mitigating the impact of the two crises, it has not been inevitable to prevent them from affecting the key sectors of the Mauritia n economy. One reason is because of its openness and financial integration to the world economy and the other being the fact that Mauritius has longed been and is still very Eurocentric. The Global Financial Crisis (2007-2009) Its Origin and Impact on the World Economy The Global Financial Crisis started when home prices began to fall dramatically in the US Real Estate market at the end of 2006. One of the reasons for the falling prices is because of the housing bubble which peaked in approximately 2005-2006. As a result people who have taken home loans started to default on their repayments as they find it cheaper to buy a house rather than to continue paying for the home loan. Due to the financial linkage and the globalization process, the declining home prices started to spread to other countries. More and more foreclosures and defaults led to banks financial position to deteriorate rapidly around the world. Investors worldwide started to lose confidence in the US economy and other major economies of the Eurozone. As such stock markets were deeply affected leading to huge loses for investors. Consumption, which is the main component of aggregate demand for many countries and US, started to decline which resulted in many quarters of negative grow th in the US and other major economies. The financial crisis led to a prolonged worldwide recession in 2008. Governments and Central Banks were forced to take necessary actions to fix the crisis. Capital injection and interest rate cuts were common to help borrowers to repay their loans. The low consumer confidence and investors confidence in the world economy resulted in many firms and financial institutions filed for bankruptcy such as the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Stimulus packages were implemented in many countries to help boosting economic activity. These stimulus packages helped companies which employ thousands of workers not to file for bankruptcy so as not to increase unemployment, for example, the US government agreed to help giant car companies Ford and Crysler in order to prevent them from closing down and laying down workers. The Global Financial Crisis did not only affected rich countries but also emerging economies and developing countries. Countries like Brazil, Russia, India, China (BRIC) and many other emerging economies experienced significantly high economic growth prior to the crisis but with the global economic downturn they had seen a slowdown in their level of economic activity. The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Mauritian Economy With the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the world economy and the deterioration of banks financial position, investors in Mauritius started to react in September 2008 by massively selling their shares. Not surprisingly, companies whose prices declined the most were those in the banking and financial sector such as the Mauritius Commercial Bank (MCB) and the State Bank of Mauritius (SBM). As a result, the SEMDEX, the share price index of shares quoted on the Official Market of the Stock Exchange of Mauritius, started to decline to its lowest level. This indicated the level of pessimism among investors in the Mauritian economy. The Global Financial Crisis affected all key sectors of the Mauritian economy, such as the textile industry, the tourism industry, the sugar industry, the financial services sector, and the construction industry. This was mainly due to the trade liberalization of Mauritius to the world economy. As such, even though Mauritius is not related to the origin of the financial crisis, the effects of the crisis crossed the Mauritian border uninvited. This is the danger of globalization on small states like Mauritius. Among all the sectors of the Mauritian economy, the textile and tourism was most affected. Many firms closed down. Low level of tourist arrivals, due to the increasing level of unemployment in key markets, affected the tourism industry deeply. The construction industry experienced a slowdown in its economic activity. Foreign Direct Investment fell significantly during the crisis. Finally, during the same period the sugar industry had to undertake reforms because of the end of the European Union Sugar Protocol in 2006. Rising unemployment was not inevitable and the economic growth rate was declining. However, it should be noted that Mauritius did not register negative output growth during the global economic downturn. Measures by the government and the Bank of Mauritius successfully prevented the Mauritian economy from entering into a recession. Policy measures taken to mitigate the Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Mauritian Economy. Since the beginning of the Global Financial Crisis and its impact on the Mauritian economy there has been huge policy coordination between the government and the Bank of Mauritius (BOM). Keynesianism was on the rise and expansionary monetary policies were followed. The government adopted expansionary fiscal policies to boost productivity. The BOM followed the same policy actions as other Central Banks worldwide, easing monetary policies. In the last quarter of 2008, through its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), the BOM decided to slash the Key Repo rate by 150 basis points and the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) was brought down from 6 percent to 5 percent, thus freeing some Rs2.5 Billion for commercial banks to be able to increase loans to the private sector and in turn increasing the level of economic activity. On the government side, although the economic growth projection was still positive at 5.5 percent for the year ending 2008, expansionary fiscal policies were adopted. The budget deficit was increased but for the benefit of increased productivity. Like the BOM, the government also followed the same course of actions taken by other countries to fight the global financial crisis. An Additional Stimulus Package (ASP) equivalent to 3.8 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Rs6 Billion was put in place. The ASP was aimed at expanding the airport of Mauritius and to create six funds that would make Mauritius more resilient and thus limiting the impact of the Global Financial Crisis on the Mauritian Economy. These Funds include: The Maurice Ile Durable (MID) Fund. Food Security Fund. The Human Resource, Knowledge, and Arts Development Fund. The Local Infrastructure Fund. The Social Housing Development Fund. The Manufacturing Adjustment and SME Development Fund. The Implementation of the Additional Stimulus Package in its effort to fight the Global Financial Crisis. The six funds created under the ASP are detailed below: The MID Fund would include a solar water heater scheme, energy saving lamps, replacing street lighting lamps, mobilize foreign expertise for sustainable development support for a wind farm project, and financing the Waste Energy Project. All these schemes would help in building the vision of a Green Mauritius and protect the Mauritian Economy from high price volatility for non-renewable energy. Under the Food Security Fund land would be prepared and provided with irrigation facilities for small farmers. The land resource mobilization would result in the production of some 5000 tons of additional food commodities between 2009 and 2011. The aim of this fund is to increase the food supply for the population and reduce the dependence on imported food supplies. The Human Resource, Knowledge, and Arts Development Fund would make provisions for scholarships to needy students. A Student Loan Guarantee Scheme and the construction of new campuses for tertiary education are also financed under this fund. The aim of this fund is to provide education for all children and help in eradicating poverty and also to widen the circle of opportunities. The Local Infrastructure Fund would provide resources in a wide range of areas including multi-purpose complexes, fish landing stations, market fairs, waterfront, crematorium, and tartan track. The aim of this fund is to improve areas where people visit regularly and increase security for the people. The Social Housing Development Fund would include the rehabilitation of NHDC estates and infrastructures for social housing and support for affordable housing to bring down the cost of mortgage. This fund would help more people to own a home. The Manufacturing Adjustment and SME Development Fund would facilitate the work undertaken by the Enterprise Mauritius, SEHDA, and the National Women Entrepreneur Council. Another important scheme that was created under the ASP was the Mechanism for Transitional Support to the Private Sector (MTSP). This mechanism makes provision for a Financial Rescue Package (FRP) to help enterprises in financial difficulties. The MTSP covered all sizes of enterprises whether small, medium, or large. The facilities favored enterprises which have used all available financial tools provided by banks and other financial institutions and still cannot overcome their financial distress. It also applies to those where banks and other financial institutions do not agree to help them. The 2009 budget also aimed at making provision for a range of actions in light of the global economic crisis. The National Empowerment Foundation (NEF) was created from this budget. Its main aim was to fight the remnants of poverty in Mauritius and the eradication of poverty. The NEF also put an obligation on large companies to give at least 2 percent of their operating profit as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The NEF enhanced its efforts on re-skilling, retraining, and returning retrenched workers to productive employment. The Euro Crisis (2010) Its Origin and Impact on the Eurozone economies. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 forced many countries to seek help to restructure their economies, especially the Eurozone economies. After the financial crisis another problem was emerged, the public debt or sovereign debt crisis which later became known as the Eurozone Crisis. It started with Greece at the end of 2009 and then spread to other Eurozone member countries such as Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany. A sovereign debt arises when a country issue government bonds denominated in its own currencies but sold to investors abroad. The problem with Greece was that the cost of financing the debt became so large that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Central Bank (ECB) agreed on a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬110 Billion loan for Greece. Soon after other countries started to have the same problem as Greece and bail outs was necessary. Ireland has also been bailed out with à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬85 Billion. However, these loans are conditional on the implementatio n of harsh austerity measures. Austerity measures being cuts in government spending and increased taxes. One of the main impact of the Euro Crisis was the depreciation of the Euro vis-à  -vis other currencies. There was high financial instability in Eurozone economies which consequently led to uncertainty and falling investors confidence. On 9 May 2010 the 27 member states of the European Union agreed to create the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), a legal instrument aiming at preserving financial stability in Europe by providing financial assistance to Eurozone states in difficulty. The Impact of the Eurozone Crisis on the Mauritian Economy. Mauritius is highly dependent on the Eurozone and it is obvious that a depreciating Euro would have serious consequences on the economy. The crisis impacted on all key sectors of the Mauritian economy including export, financial services industry, domestic oriented industries, and other emerging sectors. Most of our exports are billed in Euro while most imports are in US dollars term. Since the beginning of 2010, the Euro has depreciated by around 8 percent while the US dollar has appreciated by around 3 percent against the rupee. Therefore, it is clear that exports revenues are declining while costs are rising for local firms. This is very crucial for domestic firms and this present a threat for their survival and consequently employment. The Central Statistical Office (CSO) downgraded the real GDP forecast for 2010 from 4.6 percent to 4.2 percent after the unfolding of the Euro Crisis. Furthermore, the CSO predicted an unemployment rate of 7.5 percent in 2010 from 7.3 percent in 2009. On the other hand, the inflation rate was declining. Analysts expect the austerity measures to impact negatively on the growth performance of Eurozone economies. This can result in a drop in demand for our exports and lower tourist arrivals. Moreover, some analysts believe that the Eurozone crisis will last for 5 to 7 years. Policy Response to the Eurozone Crisis and to limit its impact on the Mauritian Economy. The Mauritian economy is faced with a depreciating Euro which is having serious consequences in terms of low tourist arrivals and low demand for our exports. Furthermore, the Euro crisis is expected to last for 5 to 7 years. There is therefore a compelling need to restructure the Mauritian economy and to diversify from the Eurozone countries to other emerging countries such as the BRIC. Below is an extract from Facing the Eurozone Crisis and Restructuring for Long Term Resilience which was presented by the Vice Prime Minister and Finance Minister, Pravind Jugnauth in 2010. Thus, The seven pillars of our response to the euro crisis and to the larger challenge of global economic rebalancing are: Industry and enterprise restructuring Deleveraging Supporting the creation of new financing instrument Fast re-skilling and re-employment of retrenched workers, with a focus on retrenched women workers Acceleration of public infrastructure Protecting consumers Modernizing regulations to improve competitiveness In order to implement all of the seven policies response mentioned above, many measures was taken, these includes: The implementation of an Economic Restructuring and Competitiveness Programme (ERCP). This will support firms in the export sectors, especially the textile and clothing industry to help them overcome their financial difficulties. Support for the SMEs to help them better manages their finance and thus being resilient to external shocks. Supporting small planters in the sugar industry which are squeezed between reform into the sugar industry and a depreciating Euro. Help to restructure the tourism sector in diversifying into non-euro based markets. Help the retrenched workers by providing them support and ensuring their re-employment. Ensuring that consumers can benefit in the depreciating Euro. Restructuring the public sector enterprises. Accelerate public infrastructure projects that are vital to the economic restructuring. Improving competitiveness by reviewing the regulatory framework. Setting up a committee to endure the proper implementation of the policy response package and ensure its effectiveness. Mobilizing the necessary resources to finance the package. The Mechanism for Transitional Support to the Private sector (MTSP) which was put in place to help firms in difficulties during the Global Financial Crisis was replaced by the ERCP. The ERCP is much more than a financial rescue package. The main features and process of the ERCP is outlined in the next section. The Economic Restructuring and Competitiveness Package The main processes of the ERCP are as follows: A diagnosis will be carried on the company applying for support under the ERCP to determine its viability. If the company is found viable, it will be granted all support under the ERCP provided that it takes a serious commitment to restructure and deleverage. An Independent Financial Analyst will be drawn to prepare a restructuring plan for the company. The restructuring plan will include market diversification, product improvement, efficiency, and productivity. If the restructuring process requires the laying off of workers, a retrenchment plan should be submitted to the ERCP and the Support Unit for Re-employment of Employees (SURE) for approval. The deleverage plan will define actions the company needs to take to bring down its gearing ratio to the benchmark established by the ERCP committee. Inefficient, poorly managed, highly geared companies will not be granted support under the ERCP. Measures were also taken by the BOM to manage the euro/rupee exchange rate. The Key Repo rate was cut by 100 basis points to 4.75 percent on the 27th September 2010. Conclusion Up to now the Mauritian economy has demonstrated a considerable degree of resilience to external shocks. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 was the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s and it has dampened the world economy significantly. Mauritius being a small emerging economy was also hit by Global Financial Crisis due to its openness n financial integration to the world economy. However, policy coordination by the government and the Bank of Mauritius in adopting expansionary fiscal and monetary policies has prevented the Global Financial Crisis from damaging the economy further. The effects of the Eurozone crisis on the Mauritian economy were also very high. These were inevitable since Mauritius has always had high dependence of its exports such as tourism, textile and sugar on markets in Europe but the policy response such as reducing the Key Repo rate to 4.75 percent by the BOM and the implementation of the ERCP by the government will ensure that the Mauritian economy has a long term resilience to external shocks

Friday, October 25, 2019

ICT and You :: ICT Essays

For this work, I am going to write about how I use ICT in my everyday life. I will be looking at how I use ICT at Home and at School. I will also identify how I use ICT for: - > My own personal use (this is when I use it just for me) > Social use (this is when I use the ICT with other people) PC Technology ------------- I use Microsoft Excel a lot, which helps me to do graphs in science for coursework and I also use it at home for sorting my pocket money and spending so I am organized with my money and don’t overspend. It is very easy to use and your work is always very neat and presentable which is important for my coursework. I also use Microsoft Word for many things in school, these include: writing out coursework, completing homework and English essays. Microsoft word offers a great easy program, which is easy to use and also you can put text, pictures and photographs onto a word document. I like using MS FrontPage to design and make web pages and websites this can be done personally for me or socially for a group of people. Designing website can be relaxing and stress free or can be frustrating and stressing, all depending on what type of web site it is. Internet The internet is very helpful to me in school because I can search up useful and useless information an instant using search engines like â€Å"google† the downsides to sites like these is, you have to be specific otherwise you could end up having thousands of pages of junk for example if your searching for the official Manchester United site and only type in â€Å"Manchester United† you will get any pages appearing containing the words â€Å"Manchester† and â€Å"United† you can get around about 3,460,000 results, when the words â€Å"Official Manchester United Football Club Website† only pages containing them words are found, there are around about 69,400 results just by being a bit more specific. I use this at home, personally to keep up-to-date with breaking news of my favorite football club and in school personally for my business coursework. At home I enjoy being on MSN messenger to talk to friends and Family worldwide, msn is good because it’s faster than email and cheaper than phone calls, the disadvantage is that my internet connection depending where I am and what time of the day it is could be slow I have a 576k ADSL modem so there’s no worries for me but slower internet connections like a 23.3k modem could have a delay or even a bad

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Nitesh@Solutions Unlimited Essay

Executive Summary Nitish is disturbed by certain situations that have hampered his relation with Meena since his joining Solutions Unlimited. He is faced with three options namely; he can work to mend his relation with Meena, leave the company and search for other prospects or reach out to the top management. These options have to be evaluated on what impact they would have in his career and at the workplace. Staying at the organisation and working towards mending relations with Meena seems to be the best option. But he should also accept his part in creating such situations at the first place. Word Count:100 Contents 1. Situation Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 2. Problem Definition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 3. Options†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 4. Criteria for evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 5. Evaluation of Options†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 6. Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 7. Action Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.4 â€Å"Nitish @ Solutions Unlimited- Decision Report† Situational Analysis Nitish has a good academic background and he was admired by his seniors as well his colleagues in his previous job. But after working for two years in a consultancy firm in Jamshedpur, he sought to work in a different city and so he applied for Solutions Unlimited through his friend, Arvind. Arvind and Vidya had told him that Solutions Unlimited would give him a good environment to work in and the informal culture here would make his work enjoyable and would also provide him with many opportunities to grow. The chain of events that took place since he joined the orgainsation have now made Nitish’s staying in the organisation difficult as his relations with Meena and Mr. Alagu have turned sour. He was not satisfied with the initial offer given to him and that led to Meena being given a mouthful by Mr.  Kapoor. Also there were issues regarding the payment of severance to his previous employers and his spouse’s travel. According to the company’s policy only 50% of the severance pay was done and there was no policy to pay for spouse’s travel. This led to Nitish being put in a bad light in from of Mr. Alagu. Even though he got opportunities to participate in various projects but he was not allowed to work properly by Meena. For instance he was not allowed to go to New Zealand with Mr. Kapoor and also he was told that he would not be needed for the project from Korea as the scope had changed. He was also taunted by Mr. Alagu and Meena when they came to know that he was working closely with the MD. All these events have disturbed him as he didn’t want any bad blood between anyone in the workplace. But all these things place in the first place owing to many flaws in Solutions Unlimited and also by Nitish. Even though he had experience from two organisations he was careless and unprofessional while negotiating the salary with Venkat. He also believed when Venkat said that his severance pay and also his wife’s travel pay would be done; he didn’t take any written confirmation from him. He was careless enough to lose the email. There was no proper structure in the organisation. There were no Director and Associate Director for Human Resources, and Meena and Venkat were quite inexperienced in the organisation. The policies were not communicated to Nitish when he joined and so there was dispute regarding payment of severance. Recently his work has been appreciated by the CEO and Manish. He was asked by Meena to go to Nagpur to finalise the details of the project he was involved in and also handle the project. This has given an opportunity to Nitish to introspect and think about his future course of action. Problem Statement The problem facing Nitish is what course of action he should take after coming from Nagpur. He is faced with the dilemma of whether to work towards building a good relation with his peers in the organisation or search for better prospects elsewhere. Options 1. Nitish should work hard towards removing the bad blood between himself and Meena and concentrate on building a good future in Solutions Unlimited. 2. Nitish should leave the organisation and search of better prospects elsewhere. 3. Nitish should take the matter to Manish and let them know how he is being treated and ask for necessary steps to be taken. Criteria for Evaluation The options need to be evaluated such that they satisfy the following criteria: 1. Impact on Nitish’s career: the course of action should be such that his career does not take a downfall. 2. Impact at the workplace: the course of action should improve his experience at workplace rather than degrade it. Evaluation of Options 1. Staying in the organisation: a. Nitish’s work is admired and his experience is appreciated by his seniors at the company. He has been given the responsibility of handling the project he was working in. If he can stop complaining and take proper steps towards improving the relations between Meena and himself, then he will have lesser problems to worry about. His impression in front of Manish is very good and is he continues to work hard then his career will take a great leap. b. When his relationship with Meena is mended, he will automatically come in the good books of Mr. Alagu. Eventually the things that used to disturb him will go away and he will be happy with his career. 2. Leaving the organisation: a. Leaving the company on bad terms will surely hamper his career. The feedback from the previous employers will create a bad image. This will affect his future prospects and his career growth. b. Provided he gets a job elsewhere, his previous image will do him no help in front of his peers and seniors. He will face difficulty securing better projects and this will add more to his situation. 3. Taking matters to the top management: a. Taking matters to Manish may help in certain ways to review the internal policies but this will bring further create cracks in his relation with Meena and Mr. Alagu. This would create more problems in his career and he would lose trust among many seniors in the organisation. b. This will not improve his conditions in his workplace and he will create more enemies due to his high-handedness. Recommendations I recommend that Nitish should stay in the organisation and work hard to build a better relationship with Meena and Mr. Alagu. Action Plan  Nitish, first and foremost should identify how he was also partly responsible in creating such situations in the first place. Rather than hoping that things should work out, he should approach Meena and have a talk about how things have led to such acerbic relation between them and work out their differences. He should accept his wrongdoings and also bring out the fact that policies also need to be reviewed so that such situations don’t crop up again.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

A Seperate Piece Essay essays

A Seperate Piece Essay essays I would say that Finny(Phineas) was the biggest idealist in the story. His feelings and many things on many issues, made me think of him this way. The actions that Finny take in the novel make him seem as though he is the happiest person on the planet, like for instance when he says "There is no war", this showed that he wasn't really bothered by the war which during that time period I believe it meant happiness. Finny also never lost faith in his so called friend Gene even though I think he knew in the back of his mind that Gene was against him the whole time yet also admired him at the same point. Finny was spontanious person like the first time they jumped off the tree, and when he broke the school swimming record. Even with all of this Finny couldn't seem to take it upon himself to believe certain things like, Gene breaking his leg, or there not being a war. Although after breaking his leg however Finny is faced with his own personal struggle the bitterness of being a cripple an d attempting to live in a world where sports and enlistment in the army are no longer a possibility. I think the second time Finny broke his leg he came to be one with the reality that he was in fact ruined, and that most of it was caused by Gene, and Gene's ill-will toward him, which caused him to be cripple in the first place. Yet Finny still thought to see his dreams out, only this time through Finny, he said things like Gene i'm going to start conditioning you for the olympics, and so forth and so on. Finny in all cases was the "Idealist" of the story, one of the close contenders was Leper though, yet Finny still was more idealistic. Gene(Narrator) is the most realistic in the novel, yet in a few ways he is also idealistic, but never the less still the realist of the story. His look on life is that there is a war but not a war on far away battle fields a war on the homefront, with being competitive ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Anzac Spirit essays

Anzac Spirit essays ANZAC Spirit. What started off as a bungled landing at Galipolli on 25 April 1915, has now passed from fact to legend and become much more than the endeavours of the men who served in World War 1. It epitomises Australian nationalism as a whole. The War arrived fairly shortly after Australia federated, when it was still clinging to the Mother Country, when it hadn't really developed as a country. The soldiers who left this land and the ones who came back to it, fatigued yet proud, were not the same. To see your comrades fall and die as you watch is no easy task, and to hold your head high afterwards is even harder. But that's what they did, and that's what the spirit of ANZAC is all about. At dawn on 25 April 1915 Australian troops were landed too far north of the intended landing place in the Allied attack on the Gallipoli peninsula. Because of that mistake they were faced by perpendicular cliffs heavily defended by the Turkish army. In spite, or perhaps because, of this, they showed fearless courage, great resourcefulness, and initiative to drive the Turks back and gain a precious foothold on Turkish soil. There they endured eight months of hardship, displaying great endurance, and mateship to defend an untenable position. From first to last they were compromised and sacrificed by inept and unsympathetic British generals. This established the pattern for the rest of the war and carried through to the Second The end of this year. Then was the tables turned. World War. The traits displayed were divined to be typical of the nation and Australian soldiers considered to be exceptional, if not natural-born, fighters. Even today that same "fighting spirit" is being shown all around Australia. That same willingness to serve our country is still in use. Although in entirely different situations the same methods and comradeship are being displayed. As Sir William Keys states: "Anzac stands not only for courage a ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Practice in Identifying and Correcting Verb Tense Errors

Practice in Identifying and Correcting Verb Tense Errors This proofreading exercise will give you practice in identifying and correcting verb tense errors. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it useful to review our pages on regular verbs and irregular verbs. Instructions The following passage contains 10 errors in verb tense. The first paragraph has no errors, but each of the remaining paragraphs contains at least one faulty verb form. Identify and correct these errors. When youre done, compare your answers with the key below. The Worst Tourist The least successful tourist on record is Mr. Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco. In 1977 he flew from America to his native Italy to visit relatives. En route, the plane made a one-hour fuel stop at Kennedy Airport. Thinking that he has arrived, Mr. Scotti got out and spends two days in New York believing he was in Rome. When his nephews are not there to meet him, Mr. Scotti assumes they had been delayed in the heavy Roman traffic mentioned in their letters. While tracking down their address, the great traveller could not help noticing that modernization had brushed aside most, if not all, of the ancient city’s landmarks. He also noticed that many people speak English with a distinct American accent. However, he just assumed that Americans were everywhere. Furthermore, he assumed it was for their benefit that so many street signs were written in English. Mr. Scotti spoke very little English himself and next ask a policeman (in Italian) the way to the bus depot. As chance would have it, the policeman came from Naples and replies fluently in the same tongue. After twelve hours traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. There followed a brief argument in which Mr. Scotti expresses amazement at the Rome police force employing someone who did not speak his own language. Even when told at last that he was in New York, Mr. Scotti refuses to believe it. He was return to the airport in a police car and sent back to California.–Adapted from Stephens Piles Book of Heroic Failures, 1979) Answers The least successful tourist on record is Mr. Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco. In 1977 he flew from America to his native Italy to visit relatives. En route, the plane made a one-hour fuel stop at Kennedy Airport. Thinking that he had arrived, Mr. Scotti got out and spent two days in New York believing he was in Rome. When his nephews were not there to meet him, Mr. Scotti assumed they had been delayed in the heavy Roman traffic mentioned in their letters. While tracking down their address, the great traveler could not help noticing that modernization had brushed aside most, if not all, of the ancient city’s landmarks. He also noticed that many people spoke English with a distinct American accent. However, he just assumed that Americans were everywhere. Furthermore, he assumed it was for their benefit that so many street signs were written in English. Mr. Scotti spoke very little English himself and next asked a policeman (in Italian) the way to the bus depot. As chance would have it, the policeman came from Naples and replied fluently in the same tongue. After twelve hours traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. There followed a brief argument in which Mr. Scotti expressed amazement at the Rome police force employing someone who did not speak his own language. Even when told at last that he was in New York, Mr. Scotti refused to believe it. He was returned to the airport in a police car and sent back to California.–Adapted from Stephens Piles Book of Heroic Failures, 1979

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Martin Luther Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Martin Luther - Essay Example With the approval from the Pope, pardoners journeyed throughout Europe, making lucrative profit by selling Indulgences. In addition, the Pope did not allow the Bible to be translated. Luther found it unfair because the common people could not read Latin. It was unfair because the people had to believe whatever the priest told them. Luther believed that the people should be able to enjoy the freedom of reading the Bible on their own and in their own language. Martin Luther knew that the Church lost sight of fundamental truths. The Protestant Reformation was a struggle to change the ways of the Roman Catholic Church and to unshackle the people from ruthless leaders who hungered after the expansion of their domination at the expense of the Church. As a result in summary, Luther’s actions brought more liberty of Christian belief and ways. It was the start of the termination of papal dominion. They no longer had the authority to order both religious doctrine and political rulings. It indicated the breaking loose of people from suffering under the dictatorship of the priesthood in the Medieval

Friday, October 18, 2019

Americana Group Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Americana Group - Research Paper Example Marketing Analysis Marketing environment analysis Marketing environment has major influence on a business. Trend in marketing environment is one of the most important factors to consider for a business or marketer. There are some important factors of marketing environment of business. These are political, economical, social and technological. So, detailed analysis of each of these environmental factors is needed to assess the current overview of marketing environment of Americana Group. Marketing environment has major influence on American group and changes of each of these areas leads to change in the strategic decision with respect to marketing of the products and brands operated by the company in Middle East and North Africa region. Therefore, PEST analysis would provide detailed overview of this market. Political Factors American Group deals with the franchisee business of leading international restaurant chains and manufacturing consumer food products. Generally, political and g overnmental factors impact on food business in any country in a higher extent because food business deals with the most important needs of human beings. This business also has higher risk with respect to hygiene factor. Governments of Middle East countries have several food policies applicable for food businesses and they need to strictly adhere to policies. Apart from the specific food policy, there are several rules and regulations imposed by different countries for domestic as well international business. It is very important for any company operates in this market to comply all concerned rules and regulations of different governmental agencies for successful operation of business... The paper stresses that the company needs to buy stake of the foreign businesses or make partnership with the foreign franchise holders of leading food brands like KFC, Pizza Hut etc to enter into target market. Then it should do partnership business for limited period of time to understand the market potential and the consumption trend of the customers of those businesses. Finally, the company can select the best potential market among the targeted markets and start both manufacturing and selling their own products along with the franchisee business. This would be the best cost effective strategy for the company to diversify into foreign markets. Risk of foreign investment would be minimized through this market testing strategy. Development of effective marketing strategy is also very essential with new product development. So, it needs to invest good amount for promotion of each of new product development. The company can also redesign its old products and introduce them with the n ew product. it can push a new product with the existing popular product line up to minimize the risk of lower demand. This report makes a conclusion that market development strategy will help the company to boost its product development strategy through new product launch in a new market. Economies of scale will also increase through new product launch in the existing market as cost of production and cost of promotion will not much increase. Therefore, both the strategies will be most beneficial for future growth of Americana Group.

The cylindrospermopsin alkaloids Literature review

The cylindrospermopsin alkaloids - Literature review Example CYN is a natural toxin which is usually produced by certain cyanobacteria species majorly Cylindrospermopsin raciborskii and Umezakia natans among others (Masten 2000). The presence of CYN in drinking or recreational water poses a serious environmental and health risk. CYN was initially isolated in 1992 following a suspected outbreak in Palm Island; Australia. Since its isolation and classification, various techniques have been used to isolate, detect, analyze and purify Cylindrospermopsin (Moore, Ohtani and Runnegar 1992). Some of the common techniques include; High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Photodiode Array Detector (HPLC-PDA), Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA), NMR/Mass Spectrometry (MS), filtration and adsorption techniques among others Masten 2000). This paper shall describe how to grow CYN using bioreactor, analysis using ELISA and HPLC, purification of CYN and analysis using NMR/MS. Detection of Cylindrospermopsin in surface water is important sin ce it acts as the major source of drinking and recreational water for a large percentage of people throughout the world. The Cylindrospermopsins should be constantly removed from water to prevent contamination from toxins which are known to cause hepatotoxicity among other toxic effects (Fastner et al. 2003).Cylindrospermopsin is produced by various cyanobacteria species commonly known as blue-green-algae which are mostly found in fresh water. Some variants of Cylindrospermopsin raciborskii commonly found in U.S., Australia and Hungary, Umezakia natans isolated in Japan and Aphanizomenon ovalisporum found in Israel and Australia produce Cylindrospermopsin (Fastner et al. 2003). Human poisoning which occurs through ingestion of water or food contaminated with Cylindrospermopsin producing strains is the most common problem associated with the toxins. It has been suggested that toxicity by Cylindrospermopsins is majorly mediated through inhibition of protein synthesis which causes loss of liver functioning leading to death of cells. Use of a bioreactor in growing CYN Bioreactors can be used in the growth and isolation of CYN due to their ability to allow controlled growth of the organism under specific conditions. A bioreactor can be used to characterize CYN in terms of its relative biological and chemical components while allowing reproducible generation of the target compound. Bioreactors enable the proliferation of the CYN cells by controlling the environment under which the cells are cultured. Typically, a bioreactor for CYN should alloy control of certain environmental conditions that favor the growth of the organism. Using a bioreactor, conditions like oxygen concentration, temperature, stress and PH as well as sterility are maintained during the procedure (McMahon et al. 2008). The proliferation of CYN cells is also facilitated by the availability of essential nutrients alongside the removal of harmful toxins that can inhibit the growth of the cells. Biore actors enable different operations to be undertaken including fed-batch, batch and continuous cultivation (Choo et al. 2007). Continuous perfusion allows the growth of CYN cells under stable and controlled environmental situations. Isolation of CYN using charcoal filtration method Studies have demonstrated that CYN can be isolated successfully through adsorption techniques utilizing various sediments. Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) has been found effective in removing CYN from

Private International Law (Conflicts of Law) Problem Question Essay

Private International Law (Conflicts of Law) Problem Question - Essay Example It could be argued that because Chris has an office in London, the English jurisdiction applies in this case. This is because he is a domicile member. He rents the office not on temporary but permanent basis. In this case, English jurisdiction applies because Companies Act 2006 states that England can sue overseas companies if one of the parties in the case has offices located in England.1 The traditional rules govern foreign enterprises in this case. What is more, they are derived from Article 5(5). Companies Act 2006 also applies in this case; because Bratwurst GmbH and Havana entered into a contract, and was to sell some of their products in England; the England laws, therefore, govern the whole enterprise as well.2 The foreign company is this case has set shop in England as well, therefore the case can be determined by the English jurisdiction. Havana has the option of depending on the Companies Act. They have a right to do business in any place within the English Jurisdiction. Whether the company is legally registered in England or not, English courts have jurisdiction because Chris is involved and he has offices in London, England. An important law, CPR 6 states that whether a business takes a few days or the England is a market for the commodities produced; the English jurisdiction shall apply.3 In this case, the complainant, Havana, has lenient choices. The fact that in the original agreement the Spanish jurisdiction would apply is overridden. Naturally, English jurisdiction would have failed to apply because the complainant is not from England. However, he is allowed by law to request for an English jurisdiction. Despite the fact that both parties agreed to have a Spanish jurisdiction, the English jurisdiction still applies because the agreement was just mutual (oral). There was no written and legally binding agreement. Forum nonconvenience allows the claimant (Havana) the right to choose where he thinks it is convenient to have

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Project managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project managment - Essay Example Assistant project manager shall be responsible for assisting the manager and completing tasks designated by him. To avoid redundancy of functions, project is aided through specialization of already existing functional divisions of organization. Limited number of employees shall be hired to form part of project team, providing technical expertise that is not available with in-house departments. General equipment, labor and material are provided by such units which in turn charge them off against project costing account. Contracts officer must be hired to manage all communications between project team and functional divisions, to convey project requirements to them and to establish contractual terms with customers. The subcontractor contributes to completion of project tasks that are primarily allocated to main contractor (Whelan & George, 80). Correspondence with them must be handled directly by the contracts officer. A common project office should be established to furnish subcontrac tors adequately and formal channels of communications shall be in place. A formal document, namely Statement of Work, shall be prepared, defining responsibilities of team members and subcontractor. The organizational support functions shall provide assistance in aspects of quality control, training needs of members and information technology. A master schedule shall be prepared that identifies the constraints, significant milestones and interdependence and linkages between project activities (Public Health Emergency, 2013). How this structure actually works in the given scenario? The hierarchy in a given case is irregular, with project manager leading the project followed by assistant project manager who chairs the steering committee. Managers, of those functional divisions whose resources are being absorbed in project activities, are members of the committee. Project manager manages all matters and communications directly with the subcontractor. However, assistant project manager i s responsible for handling matters related to prime contractors. A general project office has been established to provide supporting activities of the project, while an independent contracts officer is hired who coordinates and bridges the gaps between project team, functional divisions and the project customer. Moreover, he also ensures that concrete contractual arrangements are established for all services and duly signed agreements are created and documented. Can the project manager be from military background? Armed forces have highly formalized environment, with stringent deadlines and steadfast policies and procedures. Various projects are ongoing in military forces and soldiers holding influential positions are responsible for execution of these projects. As a result, some of them have strong and effective project management experience and skills which make veterans a natural fit for leading non-military projects as well. Advantages and disadvantages of this structure Advanta ges: Involvement of managers of functional division in steering committee is highly effective since their specialized knowledge and experience can come in handy for taking decisions pertaining to project. Presence of independent contracts officer shall ensure compliance with contractual obligations, efficient coordination and collaboration of efforts to achieve project goals.

Impact of Market Imperfections on International Capital Markets Essay

Impact of Market Imperfections on International Capital Markets - Essay Example This paper makes an assessment of the impact of the market imperfections on the functioning of the international capital markets. The perfect market is an economic model which describes a hypothetical market condition in which no producer or consumer has an absolute control to influence the prices. As laid down by the concept of Pareto efficiency a perfect market model would eventually lead to a totally efficient outcome. The theories of demand and supply have been evolved using the analysis of perfectly competitive markets. Efficient allocation and use of resources and maximization of social welfare characterize the perfect market equilibrium (Writing Campus). The perfect market model assumes the presence of certain conditions which make the prices move towards economic equilibrium instantaneously. However these conditions are to be treated as sufficient but not necessary conditions. In a perfect market there exist a large number of small producers and consumers. Because of their relative sizes the actions of these players do not have any significant impact on the others. The prices are set by the market and the firms represent only price takers (Writing Campus). In the perfect market model the goods and services represent perfect substitutes to each other. All the firms in the market sell identical products and there is no product differentiation among the individual products (Writing Campus). Perfect and Complete Information All the players in the market have perfect and complete information about the prices and the activities of other players in the market. The prices set by different firms in the market are known to all the players (Writing Campus). Equal Access One of the major assumptions in the perfect market model is that all the firms in the market have equal access to production technologies and resources, since the technologies and resources are considered to be perfectly mobile (Writing Campus). Free Entry There are no restrictions on the entry to or exit from the market for any firm. The firms may enter and leave the market as they wish and such exit will not have any additional burden on the firms. There is the existence of complete independence in the market that the individual buyers and sellers act independently of each other. The market is structured in such a way that there is no scope for a group of buyers and sellers to join together to influence the prices for their common interest. In other words there is no possibility of cartels or collusion in a perfect market model (Writing Campus). Apart from the above conditions there are certain other behavioural assumptions which also form the basis of a perfect market model. They are: It is the objective of the consumers to achieve maximum utility and the objective of the producers is to maximize their profits. The perfect market model is subjected to severe criticisms on the ground that the model is too simplified and the simplifications are irrelevant and inappropriate to describe the kind of society, market etc. This model can be regarded as a description of one type of market structure with most of its assumptions getting violated in the real world. For instance the firms may not have perfect information about each other. The usefulness of perfect market mo

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Private International Law (Conflicts of Law) Problem Question Essay

Private International Law (Conflicts of Law) Problem Question - Essay Example It could be argued that because Chris has an office in London, the English jurisdiction applies in this case. This is because he is a domicile member. He rents the office not on temporary but permanent basis. In this case, English jurisdiction applies because Companies Act 2006 states that England can sue overseas companies if one of the parties in the case has offices located in England.1 The traditional rules govern foreign enterprises in this case. What is more, they are derived from Article 5(5). Companies Act 2006 also applies in this case; because Bratwurst GmbH and Havana entered into a contract, and was to sell some of their products in England; the England laws, therefore, govern the whole enterprise as well.2 The foreign company is this case has set shop in England as well, therefore the case can be determined by the English jurisdiction. Havana has the option of depending on the Companies Act. They have a right to do business in any place within the English Jurisdiction. Whether the company is legally registered in England or not, English courts have jurisdiction because Chris is involved and he has offices in London, England. An important law, CPR 6 states that whether a business takes a few days or the England is a market for the commodities produced; the English jurisdiction shall apply.3 In this case, the complainant, Havana, has lenient choices. The fact that in the original agreement the Spanish jurisdiction would apply is overridden. Naturally, English jurisdiction would have failed to apply because the complainant is not from England. However, he is allowed by law to request for an English jurisdiction. Despite the fact that both parties agreed to have a Spanish jurisdiction, the English jurisdiction still applies because the agreement was just mutual (oral). There was no written and legally binding agreement. Forum nonconvenience allows the claimant (Havana) the right to choose where he thinks it is convenient to have

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Impact of Market Imperfections on International Capital Markets Essay

Impact of Market Imperfections on International Capital Markets - Essay Example This paper makes an assessment of the impact of the market imperfections on the functioning of the international capital markets. The perfect market is an economic model which describes a hypothetical market condition in which no producer or consumer has an absolute control to influence the prices. As laid down by the concept of Pareto efficiency a perfect market model would eventually lead to a totally efficient outcome. The theories of demand and supply have been evolved using the analysis of perfectly competitive markets. Efficient allocation and use of resources and maximization of social welfare characterize the perfect market equilibrium (Writing Campus). The perfect market model assumes the presence of certain conditions which make the prices move towards economic equilibrium instantaneously. However these conditions are to be treated as sufficient but not necessary conditions. In a perfect market there exist a large number of small producers and consumers. Because of their relative sizes the actions of these players do not have any significant impact on the others. The prices are set by the market and the firms represent only price takers (Writing Campus). In the perfect market model the goods and services represent perfect substitutes to each other. All the firms in the market sell identical products and there is no product differentiation among the individual products (Writing Campus). Perfect and Complete Information All the players in the market have perfect and complete information about the prices and the activities of other players in the market. The prices set by different firms in the market are known to all the players (Writing Campus). Equal Access One of the major assumptions in the perfect market model is that all the firms in the market have equal access to production technologies and resources, since the technologies and resources are considered to be perfectly mobile (Writing Campus). Free Entry There are no restrictions on the entry to or exit from the market for any firm. The firms may enter and leave the market as they wish and such exit will not have any additional burden on the firms. There is the existence of complete independence in the market that the individual buyers and sellers act independently of each other. The market is structured in such a way that there is no scope for a group of buyers and sellers to join together to influence the prices for their common interest. In other words there is no possibility of cartels or collusion in a perfect market model (Writing Campus). Apart from the above conditions there are certain other behavioural assumptions which also form the basis of a perfect market model. They are: It is the objective of the consumers to achieve maximum utility and the objective of the producers is to maximize their profits. The perfect market model is subjected to severe criticisms on the ground that the model is too simplified and the simplifications are irrelevant and inappropriate to describe the kind of society, market etc. This model can be regarded as a description of one type of market structure with most of its assumptions getting violated in the real world. For instance the firms may not have perfect information about each other. The usefulness of perfect market mo

Acceleration of falling cones Investigation Essay Example for Free

Acceleration of falling cones Investigation Essay Safety Statement:- To make this investigation safe I will wear sensible shoes, this make sure that I will not fall or trip on the table whilst carrying out the investigation. Prediction:- I predict that the smaller the surface area of the cone the faster it will fall. I know this as the more surface area the cone has the more air resistance there is. I also know this as when I carried out some research on parachutes, I discovered, that the larger the parachute the quicker the forces balanced, making the parachute fall slowly. Also, the smaller the parachute the longer it took for the forces to balance out, making the parachute fall much quicker. When I looked at a person freefalling (standing up) the results were that this also took at long time for the forces to balance out. When I saw the results of a person lying down I could see that the forced balanced out quickly, making the person fall slower. I know that it doesnt matter what weight an object has, it falls at the same acceleration, and lands on the ground at the same time. On the moon a feather and a golf ball were dropped at the same time, they both hit the surface of the moon at the same time. In any atmosphere when there is a gas or a liquid they initially drop at the same acceleration, encountering a drag force; this increases as it goes faster. The drag force increases until it equals the weight force, the forces are then balanced and it cant go any faster. This is called terminal velocity. Equipment:- The equipment that I shall use will be a stopwatch; to make sure that the times are as accurate as possible, a table of which to stand on when dropping the cone, and sensible shoes whilst standing on the table, I will also have a metre rule to measure the 2m distance, from the floor to the bottom of the cone. Method:- In this experiment I will time how long it takes for a cone to fall 2m. Each time I will make the cone slightly smaller, and therefore decreasing the surface area each time. I will then repeat each size three times: taking an average of the three times, of which I will then plot all the points on a graph. This will hopefully prove my prediction correct. The piece of card forming the cone will be moved 20? for each part of the experiment. Variables:- Distance, Surface area, Weight. The variable that I am going to change will be the surface area of the cone. This will help me determine whether or not my prediction is proven correct. Fair Test:- To make this experiment a fair test, I will take an average of the times of the cone falling after repeating the experiment three times. I will also make sure that I move the piece of card forming the cone around 20? each time, making the surface area of the cone decrease in regular intervals. Obtaining:- Results:- Angle (degrees? ) Surface Area (cm) Time (seconds) 1st Time (seconds) 2nd Time (seconds) 3rd Average Time (seconds) Velocity (m/s)nalysis:- My results show that the bigger the surface area of the cone the slower the cone would fall. This was due to the forces balancing out quicker. The smaller the surface area the quicker the cone would fall, it therefore takes longer for the forces to balance out, causing it to have a higher velocity. Looking at the graph above you can see that it did take longer for the cone to fall with a larger surface area. In the graph below you can see that the smaller the surface area the higher the velocity, (the time it took for the cone to fall in metres per second) My results show that my prediction was correct, the smaller the area the faster the cone will fall. The terminal velocity only lasted for a couple of cm, as the forces balanced out quite quickly. Velocity formula Distance = Velocity Time Example:- 2 = 1. 38 1. 45 The larger the area the smaller the velocity, this is because it takes longer for the cone to reach the ground. The larger the area the more air resistance it encounters, this makes it fall slower to the ground. My conclusion for this experiment is that the larger the area the longer it takes for the cone to fall, it therefore has a lower velocity. The smaller the area the quicker the cone falls, it also has a higher velocity. Evaluation:- The investigation I carried out was very good, as the results for each of the experiments that I carried out had almost the same time for each, the average was also very close to the time it took for each of the cones to fall. This data was very reliable. There are not any results that dont fit the pattern in the graphs. To carry out this investigation I had to measure the height of 2 metres of which the cone would be dropped each time. These results were then recorded, and then I took the average of each result, and plotted these points on a graph. If I did this experiment again I would take more results of each area to make the averages even more accurate, and reliable data. As well as having more data if this experiment was done again I would extend the experiment to involve weight. I would then try to prove that the weight of the cone would not affect the velocity and time of the cone falling. This would help me determine whether or not I was right about weight not being a factor of affecting the time and velocity. If I was to do this then this would be my experiment then this would be what I would do:- Prediction:- I predict that the weight would not make an impact on the time it takes for the cone to fall, and its velocity. Equipment:- Plastacine Stopwatch, Metre rule, Piece of card with cone and angles drawn on it. This time the variable I would change would be the weight of the cone. Method:- I would drop the cone with a ball of plastercine in it from a height of 2m. Each time I drop it I would change the weight of the plastercine, repeating this three times each for each different weight, this way I could get an average of the times, making it even more accurate. Acceleration and terminal velocity of falling cones.

Monday, October 14, 2019

How Ethical Issues Can Affect Each Component

How Ethical Issues Can Affect Each Component This report aims to describe, how ethical issues can affect each component of the marketing mix. The report starts of by introduction to the ethics in an organisation and the importance of business ethics in the society. The report also examines the various factors which have a impact on the ethical nature of the marketing decisions. Two well-known companies have been taken into account for better understanding and demonstration of the discussion. INTRODUCTION A rose à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By any other name would smell as sweet. SHAKESPEARE, Romeo and Juliet There is an inevitable and universal cycle between consumers and marketers. The main aim of any marketer is to satisfy customer needs and wants. Marketing provides the exchange link between customers and marketers which would eventually help in increasing return on investment for shareholders. (Smith 1995; Dunfee, Smith, and Ross 1999) Both marketers and the consumers have different mind set while selling or purchasing the products. The sole main of companies is to maximise their profit and consumers is to have a value for money product and services. This difference in thinking leads to conflicts on the basis of ethics. (Smith 1995, 1993) The basic ethical issues like, justice, rights, fairness and equality can be perceived in a different manner by consumer and the companies. (Dunfee, Smith, and Ross 1999) In some instances both consumers and the companies may believe on the same ethical grounds for e.g. in principle, providing a unique, value for money product and services. Whereas, research has shown that there is a wide gap between the ethical philosophies of both consumers as well as marketers, (Singhapakdi et al. 1999) which results in unethical behaviour by consumers including boycotts and protests. (Smith and Cooper-Martin 1997) IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS A CONTINGENCY APPROACH- The ethics era began around early 1980s, when researchers and businesses started giving more attention to the ethical side of the business. (Macchiette and Roy 1994; Smith 1995) Many theories have been proposed since then in order to draw promote consumers rights and moral values. Including- social contracts theory, moral decision-making theory (Laczniak and Murphy 1991), general theory of marketing ethics (Hunt and Vitell 1986) and social contracts theory (Dunfee, Smith and Ross 1999). These theories are basic and are developed over from the old, classical theories including Kantian ethics and perspectives of rights, duties, and justice. The main aim of all these marketing ethics theories and even business ethics in modern world is to increase consumers confidence and develop trust for the companies and thus having customer loyalty. The business ethics also helps companies to gain competitive advantage in the market for instance- Anita Rodick- Body Shop and Richard Bransons Virgin group. REFERENCE NEEDED ETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING Marketing in any companies starts with the basic step of marketing research which is then followed by segmentation and targeting the market. Thought marketing research is followed to gain knowledge about the market and the competitors but some how- knowingly or un-knowingly, companies tend to invade the privacy of the consumers by following un-ethical method of gathering information. Even while conducting the research, researchers tend to stereotype among people in order to get the desired result which in turn results in wrong information about customer needs and demands. While s In terms of targeting the market, companies also aim at the young children, who do not have the right knowledge, thus they choose the market audience of their choice knowing they will benefit the maximum. For instance- a chocolate ad will show a kid playing and eating melted chocolate but it never says, brush your teeth after having it. Now, to be more specific, we will look at the ethical issues related to the marketing mix- 4Ps. PRODUCT PRODUCT MIX There are four major issues with products: deceptive packaging, product safety, brand divisive and planned obsolescence Product safety Safety is first. A major impact is being made to make the product safe and secure for the consumers to use. Almost all the products in the market use some or the other form of technology which may or may be harmful for the consumers. It is the duty of the marketers to ensure the safety of the product before placing it in the market. For instance, according to BBC news, 2007, the biggest toy making company in China Mattel had recalled 9 million products due to danger from magnet and lead paint. This violates the consumers right to safety. BBC news, 2007 Planned obsolescence Nothing lasts forever but the question is who and how is to decide the time frame for deciding when is the replacement required. Cars rust, clothes fade or go out of fashion. If companies make efforts to increase the quality of the products, there are many customers who would love to keep their cars for a longer period of time than they can. However, for the producers its a wear-out is positive as it results in increase in demand of their other goods and services/ repeat purchase. Some people argue that if the product has been planned to be obsolete form the market, it violates customers right to choose. The car manufacturers like Ford have recently come up with their latest cars having their body shells much more resistant to rust proving a 3 years minimum guarantee. Ford, 2010 Deceptive packaging This is a very common practice, also known as slack packaging followed by many companies as they show the product to be over sized by packaging effects giving customers an idea of buying more for the same price than the competitor. Product such as- cereals, crisps or even soap powders are such examples. Packaging sometimes also includes misleading labelling. In terms of missing information on package about various ingredients or even a sentence which could be useful in consumers decision making process leads to violation of consumers right to information. Brands Divisive Branding is something that is used by companies to differentiate their product than that of the competitors. The well known sports brand NIKE is supposed to be sport-wear of high quality, durability and is also proposed to be in the top segment in the market. Some people argue that Nike is a brand rather than a product, much similar to the Apple ipod from Apple. Nike does not produce anything of its own. The entire production is outsourced to less developed countries like India and Indonesia. The retail price of a Nike today may be  £100 on an average but according to a report from 2001, the full time wages for an employee were around the legal minimum of 17,000 Rupiahs ( £1.22/) per day. The problem with branding is that big brands like Nike, Apple have all the power, even though they get their products made in poor countries, wealth is still in few hands only. Working is Nike leads to a disproportion of profits and power on a global level due to which poor countries are left with low margin production units. PRICE Price is something of value charged by the producers in exchange of his products or services. The various un-ethical pricing practices are: Price fixing: It is a situation where the competitors agree to charge a fixed, raise or maintain price, in simpler terms manipulate price. Price fixing can be done for different reasons- to discriminate against small firms, remove competition by fixing price in specific areas and enjoying monopolistic market. Thus in 1980, the Sherman Act was introduced to ensure fair pricing between both consumers and businesses. http://bizcovering.com/business-and-society/price-fixing/ Bid rigging This is a situation or fraud where the commercial contracts are promised to only one party even if there are other bidders present. Price rigging is a form of price fixing itself and is illegal in many countries. Usually occurs in big tenders for governments or private companies for construction. The ill-effects of price rigging fall on the local consumers [tax payers] as well as the agencies who seek to bid and thus effects the overall economy. Price discrimination It is often referred to as price differentiation due to the fact that different price are being charged by companies for the same product or service to different customers depending on the market segment and rules set prior to the service, for instance in the travel industry a flight may charge $160 from destination A to B and the same flight may charge $200 to the same destination due travelling on a weekend. Another example can be if u book British Airways from A to B for next day travelling you might end up paying almost double, what you could have paid if you would have booked in 2-3 months in advance. Price skimming Many companies follow price skimming strategies in order to gain more revenues before competitors enter the market. Apple iPhone could be the best example to explain the skimming of prices. iPhone was launched with the buzz marketing and unique technology. They made sure that their target market will jump on the products whenever they launch. Having a high introductory price for one year, Apple gain the all the money and confidence of consumer of a superior product and later slashed the price to gain more markets. Price skimming is a temporary form of price discrimination allowing companies to recover their sunk cost. Dumping: Dumping or selling lower than the fair value is a situation/act where companies charge less in the foreign markets compared to that from the home markets for the same products. Dumping according to WTO is condemned but not prohibited PROMOTION Promotion plays a very important role in welfare of the company and thus sometimes companies do anything possible to promote their offered product and services even by unscrupulous means. Advertisements tell the consumers what they would want to hear about the product. No company would ever promote or say negative aspects of their products. The Ads thus, lack in honesty and the complete truth about the features of the product. Some times while promoting certain products, companies need to make sure, they do their homework by knowing about the culture of the country in order to telecast any ad on the television as no person in Saudi Arabia would like to see women advertising about suits and fairness creams. Or no person would like to see promotion of beef burgers by McDonald in India. Competitive ads sometimes can be misleading and create controversy. Ads also have a Some Taste and controversy Negative advertising False and misleading advertising Creating demand for vice or unwholesome products Tobacco? Alcohol? Fattening foods? Pornography or sexually explicit material? Intrusive promotions PLACE Slotting allowances: The fee charged to have their products placed on the shelves by the retailers to produce companies or manufacturers is called a slotting fee, slotting allowance, pay-to-stay, or fixed trade. It depends on factors such as the product, market conditions and the manufacturer of products and so varies greatly. For instance while the initial slotting allowance in a regional group of stores for a new product can be approximately $25,000 per item in high demand markets it can go as high as $250,000. Promotional, stocking and advertising fees are amongst the other fees that can be charged by the retailer. This practise, according to an FTC study, is widespread in the supermarket industry. Many grocers even earn more profit from agreeing to carry a manufacturers product than they do from actually selling the product to retail consumers. Buyback / stock lift / lift-out Gray market merchandise: Generally, it is a single importer a manufacturer would work in a particular area to sell and support their products. The importer further has local dealers and distributors to whom he resells the imported products; this results in a distribution channel. Gray Market, on the other hand, refers to use of methods other than these normal channels to sell and import merchandise. Items thus sold may not be meeting mandatory safety and certification codes, and so are not supported by the authorized importer and are not designed to be sold in a particular market. It also follows that as there is not a particular market for these items they may not function properly, or the authorized importer may not be equipped to provide service, support or software. OR the unofficial trading of securities that have not yet been formally issued Diverted merchandise Exclusive geographic territories Exclusive dealing agreements Tying contracts Refusal to deal Ethics and the supply chain A claim to be an ethical firm would be hypocritical , if a firm turns a blind eye to the unethical practices of suppliers in a supply chain. In particular: The use of child labour and forced labour Production in sweatshops Violation of the basic rights of workers Ignoring of health, safety and environmental standards An ethical producer has to be concerned with what is practiced by all firms (upstream and downstream) in the supply chain. CASE STUDY On July 4, 1977, a boycott was launched in United States against the Swiss based Nestle corporation over the companys marketing of its infant formula (breast milk substitute) particularly in less economically developed countries. Protesters claimed that the infant formula caused unnecessary death of suffering of babies, largely among the poor. The movement quickly spread throughout United States and expanded into Europe as well in the early 1980s. Professor Derek Jelliffe and his wife Patrice, who had contributed to establish the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA), were particularly instrumental in helping to coordinate the boycott and giving it ample visibility throughout the world. Did you know that the most efficient step in fighting infant deaths is breast milk? Breast milk works as natural vaccinations against many diseases. If all mothers in poor countries would breast feed their children for the first 6 months, and partially the next 6 months, millions of children would survive. They would develop a natural resistance against deadly diseases. Baby bottle disease, according to the finding by WHO, kills more than 1.5 million children every year. The cause of this is that the substitute for breast milk is made with unclean water and in an unhealthy environment. Even mothers with HIV would be better of breast feeding their children. In these countries breast milk substitute is lethal! They are poisoning their own children to death! This is murder! This is child murder! So why do these poor mothers give their children breast milk substitute? Nestle told them to Nestle tells them their own breast milk is unhealthy Gives away free samples Buy their way into hospitals to push their product Against the law uses direct advertise to mothers. Because companies like Nestlà © uses unethical methods to get mothers hooked on their products, World Health Assembly (WHA) made a resolution called the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes which Nestle and other manufacturers have signed. Still Nestle do not follow this code, and is reported every single year for violations. Primark tops list of unethical clothes shops in poll that shames high-street brands by Jennifer Whitehead, 08-Dec-05, 15:00 LONDON Low-price fashion success Primark has been named the least ethical clothes brand in the UK, with Marks Spencer also scoring poorly, by a new survey highly critical of the way high street brands source their wares. The survey, which has been conducted by Ethical Consumer magazine, found that only five high street brands scored 10 or over out of 20 assessing their ethical standards. Primark was the worst offender, according to the survey, with a score of 2.5. It is followed by Mk One, at 3 points, with Marks Spencer, Debenhams and Gap filling out the bottom five. http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/532319/Primark-tops-list-unethical-clothes-shops-poll-shames-high-street-brands/ Child labour On 23 June 2008, Panaroma, a BBC show, broadcasted a programme that showed unethical manufacturing practices in Primarks supply chain. Child labour practise was exposed by undercover reporters in three of Indias garment factories sub-contracted by Primark. The BBC alerted Primark to their findings, to which Primark replied: Under no circumstances would Primark ever knowingly permit such activities. Primark has since halted business with the mentioned suppliers, but this action by the company was criticised by child protection groups as being irresponsible and likely to cause additional hardship to the labourers. They argued ensuring better working conditions would have been a better solution. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primark#Criticism CONCLUSION All in all, it can be seen that in developing countries ethical issues in are highly sensitive to cultural, social and ethnical issues. Thus it is not just an issue of the orient versus the occident. The onus lies on the marketers themselves to not indulge in unethical practices and to respect local values and morals, in order to be a good ethical citizen in the marketing fraternity. Counterfeiting: imitation, faking, pre-emption, prior registration. Consumer ethics: warranty deception, mis-redemption of vouchers, returns of merchandise, recording of music and videos, software copying, false insurance claims RECOMMENDATIONS With public attention focused on ethics, there is a need for stricter controls in business practices, right from framing marketing strategies to finally delivering a product to the consumers.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Commercialization and Tourism of Tibet’s Sacred Mountains :: Travel Economics Papers

Commercialization and Tourism of Tibet’s Sacred Mountains Tourism is emerging as a major industry, and in recent decades, it has developed rapidly in mountainous regions throughout the world, especially in the Himalayas. Presently it is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The contemporary global middle-class spends a large amount of their disposable income on recreation and leisure. That money is increasingly being spent on activities such as mountaineering and trekking in the Himalayas and on the Tibetan plateau. This growth in the tourism sector has increased the influx of capital into the Tibetan economy while at the same time negatively changing the socio-cultural aspects of Tibetan life and the environment in which Tibetan communities make their home. The increase in tourism in Tibet and the consequent commercialization of Tibet’s sacred mountains may lead to a loss of traditional forms of cultural expression among the diverse indigenous people of Tibet. Sacred Worldview The Tibetan people behold a sacred worldview that embodies adoration and worship for their mountains. â€Å"As though realizing that their very existence depended on the water, which flowed down from the mountains, they worshipped them† (Cameron 1984: 31). To show respect for the mountains, the Tibetans lined mountain tracks with shrines, adorned prayer-flags on mountain slopes, and they thought of mountain peaks as gods. Even the names the Tibetans give their mountains show respect. They call Mount Everest the â€Å"Goddess mother of the world† and Annapurna the â€Å"Bringer of Life† (Cameron 1984: 21). The Tibetan civilization and religion in fact has deep roots in an appreciation of the environment (Wardle et al. 1996: vi). In the Buddhist tradition, spaces become sacred by their association with the Buddha or with other sacred persons (Eckel 2002: 65). Buddhism encourages this placement of value on land and nature. Buddhists believe that they live in harmony with nature, are interdependent with it, and continuity exists. Therefore, any destruction of nature that may be caused by tourism is viewed as sacrilegious. Types of Tourists Humans in the Himalayas over time traveled for the purposes of trade, resources, work, pilgrimage, or socializing. Some confirmations that travel has been an ongoing feature of the mountainous regions are the intricate systems of walking trails, resting places, and mountain passes, and presence of cultural traditions such as inn keeping and porters. Trade, livestock movements, journeys to work and ceremony are all traditional events that link the Himalayan places to one another over time (Karan and Zurick 1999: 16). Commercialization and Tourism of Tibet’s Sacred Mountains :: Travel Economics Papers Commercialization and Tourism of Tibet’s Sacred Mountains Tourism is emerging as a major industry, and in recent decades, it has developed rapidly in mountainous regions throughout the world, especially in the Himalayas. Presently it is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The contemporary global middle-class spends a large amount of their disposable income on recreation and leisure. That money is increasingly being spent on activities such as mountaineering and trekking in the Himalayas and on the Tibetan plateau. This growth in the tourism sector has increased the influx of capital into the Tibetan economy while at the same time negatively changing the socio-cultural aspects of Tibetan life and the environment in which Tibetan communities make their home. The increase in tourism in Tibet and the consequent commercialization of Tibet’s sacred mountains may lead to a loss of traditional forms of cultural expression among the diverse indigenous people of Tibet. Sacred Worldview The Tibetan people behold a sacred worldview that embodies adoration and worship for their mountains. â€Å"As though realizing that their very existence depended on the water, which flowed down from the mountains, they worshipped them† (Cameron 1984: 31). To show respect for the mountains, the Tibetans lined mountain tracks with shrines, adorned prayer-flags on mountain slopes, and they thought of mountain peaks as gods. Even the names the Tibetans give their mountains show respect. They call Mount Everest the â€Å"Goddess mother of the world† and Annapurna the â€Å"Bringer of Life† (Cameron 1984: 21). The Tibetan civilization and religion in fact has deep roots in an appreciation of the environment (Wardle et al. 1996: vi). In the Buddhist tradition, spaces become sacred by their association with the Buddha or with other sacred persons (Eckel 2002: 65). Buddhism encourages this placement of value on land and nature. Buddhists believe that they live in harmony with nature, are interdependent with it, and continuity exists. Therefore, any destruction of nature that may be caused by tourism is viewed as sacrilegious. Types of Tourists Humans in the Himalayas over time traveled for the purposes of trade, resources, work, pilgrimage, or socializing. Some confirmations that travel has been an ongoing feature of the mountainous regions are the intricate systems of walking trails, resting places, and mountain passes, and presence of cultural traditions such as inn keeping and porters. Trade, livestock movements, journeys to work and ceremony are all traditional events that link the Himalayan places to one another over time (Karan and Zurick 1999: 16).

Saturday, October 12, 2019

To His Coy Mistress :: essays research papers

Seduction has been the game most played through out the centuries, as males attempt to convince and invite females into their beds. In Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress" and Donne's "The Flea", the speakers, propose a peccadilloes offer, which is so cunningly backed up by a liberalistic argument and is presented to each female when the generous request has been declined. These arguments are designed to induce thoughts of a carnal nature. The persuasions used by each are completely different but are structured entirely for one purpose. To corner or trick the maiden into saying "Yes". Though both arguements are supurb, Marvell's has a nicer, refined style to it. In "To His Coy Mistress" and "The Flea", there is an exemplification of just how crafty men can be during the hunt. The speakers, in both poems, makes a "modest" but declinable offer for sex to their maiden of choice. And, upon rejection, each male begins a fluent yet rh etoric arguments on why the maiden should accept his simple offer of passion. For Marvell, the argument was that there wasn't enough time left in the world, and that the maiden should partake in indulgence before it is too late." But at my back I always hear/ Times winged Charriot hurrying near"(lines 21-22). He also states the unpleasuarble thought of the worms enjoying her verginity instead of him. Suggesting that if she continues to waste time she will die a virgin. "then Worms shall try/ that long preserv'd Virginity:"(lines 27-28). Whereas Donne's argument revolves around a metaphorical flea. Which as claimed by the speaker, represents his union with the maiden in matrimony, since the flea has taken blood from them both."It suck'd me first and now sucks thee/And in this flea our two bloods mingled be"(lines 3-4). And, since their bloods have already mingled together, intercourse with him wouldn't be a sin and no honor would be lost if she yields to him."Though know'st that this cannot be said/A sin nor shame nor loss of maidenhood:" (lines 5-6) Though however similar the gist of the poems might be, the art of seduction used by each speaker is quite different. The speaker in "To His Coy Mistress" seems to change his tone of persuasion rapidly from stanza to stanza. At first he is sweet, comming across as a gentleman and overstating how many ages he would spent on a single part of her anatomy "A hundred years should go to praise/Thine Eyes.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Prejudices: Challenging Level Prejudice Essay

â€Å"We are each burdened with prejudice; against the poor or the rich, the smart or the slow, the gaunt or the obese. It is natural to develop prejudices. It is noble to rise above them,† Author Unknown. Unfortunately, throughout history our society has become victim to the upbringing and menacing of prejudices within. The prejudices that our fellow neighbors endure range from scowling facial expressions to violent hate crimes. As far back as the decades go, prejudice has been an ongoing problem in society, our children and our future are affected immensely; it is our job to make a drastic change. Prejudice is a word that means judging someone or having an idea about them before you actually know anything about them, the word can also mean having an opinion about something without knowing anything about it. (Kids Health) On a more challenging level prejudice can refer to a positive or negative attitude or belief directed toward certain people based on their membership in a particular group. The root of the word is â€Å"pre-judge,† it is a set of attitudes which causes, supports, or justifies discrimination. There are three general theories for prejudice; personality needs, social learning and conformity, and social structure and economic position. Based on a study done by the Delmar University the three general theories were shown to be the most common reasons for prejudice within a person. These three theories lead to the forms and explanations of prejudice. The first form of prejudice being cognitive prejudice which refers to what people believe is true. Next is affective prejudice which points to peoples likes and dislikes. And finally, conative prejudice which refers to how people are inclined to behave. Playing a part in the causes of prejudice is also; family, school, peer groups, work, and the media. Unfortunately, all too often a person will create a prejudice based off of something that they learned from another person or another area. It is society’s job to recreate the environment that we set for our youth and humanity. We have to show our communities that not everyone or everything can be judged from lack of experience or another’s belief. Our country has been facing prejudice since as early as slavery and the Holocaust. Slaves consisted of â€Å"colored,† people known as Negro’s and now referred to as African Americans. These groups of people were pre-judge based on the color of their skin. Since they did not have a pale complexion they were treated poorly and forced to serve societies â€Å"white† race. Later on in history a prejudice dictator, Adolph Hitler, created a German based army that slaughtered the Jewish community. Hitler pre-judged any and all who did not fit the description that he followed. Unfortunately, because of his prejudices many humans died from the ignorance of color barriers. Still to this day prejudice is a problem, where our children of color or bi-racial background experience the emotion of not feeling good enough because of what another thinks or believes. In Toledo Ohio where I live, my community experienced first-hand prejudice when a group of Neo-Nazis were given permission to have a demonstration walk through one of our neighborhoods. The decision that our Mayor made to allow such a demonstration was one that jeopardized people’s lives and disrespected the integrity of different cultures. The problem with prejudice is that society does not give one another a chance at being themselves. Some of our society is quick to judge another person for their color, their culture, or their religion. By pre-judging before knowing anything about a person or thing we are allowing something or someone else to influence our opinions. Prejudice is seen in all kinds of situations such as; the cheerleading squad not wanting to be friends with a certain girl because she does not come from a wealthy family, a Caucasian family thinking that the African American family that moved in down the street will break into their home cause they watched a show on television where a family did that or even for instance some of society not wanting to vote for Barack Obama because they think that he looks like he could be a terrorist. Our youth have learned the ignorance that we have instilled in them and in return have lashed out in outrageous actions. We have youth forming gangs and cliques that do harm to other youth because of what they have or do not have, or because of the way they look, who their parents are, where they live. It is unfortunate that instead of teaching our youth to appreciate everyone for who they are, we teach them what we do not like about another person or group. â€Å"Prejudice and discrimination are negative manifestations of integrative power. Instead of bringing or holding people together, prejudice and discrimination push them apart. Ironically, even prejudice and discrimination imply some sort of relationship. However, if there is no relationship people would be completely unaware of another person’s or group’s existence. When there is any relationship at all–even a negative one–there is some integration. Kenneth Boulding referred to this as â€Å"disintegrative power†-â€Å"the integration that is achieved through hatred, fear, and the threat of a common enemy. † (Boulding, 1989). There are ways that we can show our youth to bypass prejudice. If we start now and work together then the future of our children could be brighter and less hateful. Some of our schools have begun practicing exercises to fight prejudice and â€Å"bullying. † At Crissey Elementary School the teachers began an exercise where each grade and classroom came up with ways of helping another student and being nice daily. The school worked together and colored their own posters that read, â€Å"Stop Bullying! † or â€Å"We all love each other at Crissey. † Not only did they join together to make these posters but they hung the posters all over the school for students, faculty and visitors to see everyday. Their idea is a great one that could be carried nationwide; to help show children that everyone is equal. Another exercise that Crissey students participated in was one where each student took a family picture into their class. The students then wrote about their families, such as; how many family members there were, what their favorite foods were, what they liked to do together and so on. Once each student had written about their family the class filled out a poster that took a tally of each answer that was the same. By the end of the exercise the students were able to see that even though they may not look similar in appearance or come from the same origin, their families liked the same activities, foods, and vacation spots. It is exercises like these that help teach our youth to be, â€Å"one† and not divide between each other. The future of our society depends on people who have open minds and see past prejudice. These kinds of people can help mediate between conflicts of other people with prejudice. According to the web-site, Beyond Prejudice, the victims of prejudicial thinking or prejudicial actions are already devalued in the eyes of prejudicial individuals and any action taken by these people is seen as less valid because of their devaluation. In addition to this person being devalued, his or her action also brings an oppositional force into the situation; this often creates more heat than light. Oppositional positions, while they may be completely â€Å"correct,† often trigger resistance within observers, as well as within the individual who perceives himself or herself as the target of that force. This is partly why we need people to intervene between those with conflict. The only way to completely intervene without causing more conflict is to continue to teach against prejudice. Illustration A: Illustration B: The first illustration here simply shows the prejudice person (person who feels a certain way about another person or group) and the other side shows the targeted side (person or group being prejudged). The prejudicial action force is where the prejudice feelings reside between the two. The second illustration shows both groups and the prejudicial action force but it also includes another section that shows a non-targeted person or group. This added section illustrates a neutral party that can intervene to help detour the prejudice feelings. Our society can practice similar exercises to those of the Crissey students on a day-to-day basis. If we wake up every morning and decide to do one or two kind things for someone of another race, sex, religion, or culture we are slowly helping the fight. If you open the door for the Native American walking out, allow the elderly ladies to cut in front of you at the store, or even offer the homeless gentlemen a cold water you are showing another person that prejudice does not have to overtake our society. Theresa D. McClellan sited that, â€Å"It is the subtle forces and faces of racism which are the most frustrating and, often, the most difficult to combat,† by Woodrick in the 1996 issue of The Grand Rapids Press. The whispers under the breaths of Caucasians who were raised to hate African American’s, or the impolite nudges of the men who were taught they are inferior to women are the hardest feelings of prejudice to look past. According to the Conflict Research Consortium at the University of Colorado, these kinds of prejudice feelings can be worked through with counseling and exercises like mirror imaging. Mirror imaging is a strategy which parties can use to assess the reasonableness of their behavior. It asks the parties to look at themselves the way others see them and make appropriate changes if they do not like what they see. Often if disputants will look at themselves honestly, they will sometimes notice that they are doing the same kinds of things–name calling, deception, and rumor spreading, for example–that they fault their opponents for doing. Once this is understood, parties can change their behavior to appear more reasonable, without altering or undermining their true interests at all. Another exercise that the Conflict Research Consortium suggests is power sharing. This is a strategy for resolving disputes over who should have the most powerful position in the social hierarchy. Instead of fighting over who should have power over whom, power sharing relies upon the joint exercise of power. If conflicts can be reframed to focus on how such power sharing might take place, they can become much more constructive. With all of the given suggestions for fighting against prejudice, our society and communities should follow through with simple exercises to teach youth and adults ways to work through feelings we were taught or have on our own. We have to continue to educate about different cultures, religions, races, and sexes. We can educate everyone through our schools, media and peers. The next time you feel that you do not like the person sitting next to you because of the color of their skin, the texture of their hair, the odor they give off or their size think about what kinds of aspects of life you may have in common with them. Would it make you feel better to know that they get their hair cut at the same beauty salon you do? Would it make you like them if you knew that the reason they are obese is from the same disease that your mother suffers from? We need to try to remember when we feel hate and prejudice in our heart that â€Å"we† are not perfect either and there may be aspects of us that the person sitting next to us does not like. How would we feel knowing someone did not like us, and they do not even know us? â€Å"Prejudices are the chains forged by ignorance to keep men apart. † This is a quote by the Countess of Blessington that enlightens us to understanding that when we carry these prejudices inside ourselves we create the barrier between our fellow neighbors. Looking back at the history of prejudice and the pain we inflict on our children, our society and our future; we have to make the choice to learn the uniqueness of one another. It is our duty to the human race to stop prejudging another for what they are or are not. Reference Page Blessington, Countess. (2007). Welcome to the Quote Garden. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from http://www.quotegarden. com/ prejudice. html Cole, Dr. Jim. (2003). Beyond Prejudice. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from http://www. beyondprejudice. com/index. html. Conflict Research Consortium. (1998). Prejudice and Discrimination. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from http://www. colorado. edu/conflict/peace/problem/prejdisc. htm. Kids Health. (2000). Prejudice-not giving a ‘fair go’. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from http://www. cyh. com/SubDefault. aspx? p=255. Lunny-Brady, Edith (2008,April 10). Subtle kind of racism still around. Pantagraph, A. 3. Retrieved April 25, 2008, from Business Dateline Database. (Document ID:1460281071). Myra. Harold. â€Å"Love in Black and White. † Christianity Today >38. n3(March 7, 1994):18(2). General OneFile. Gale. Apollo Library. 25 April. 2008 from http://find. galegroup. com/ips/start. do? prodid=IPS7. Theresa D. McClellan / The Grand Rapids Press (2008, April 24). Marking decade of Diversity: Institute for Healing Racism workshops try to heal a society built on Prejudices. The Grand Rapids Press,B. 1. Retrieved June 16, 2008, from ProQuest Central database. (Document ID: 1468362011).